RSV e emetse ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ฝ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ ๐๐๐ป๐ฐ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐ Mokhatlo oa Lefatลกe oa Bophelo (WHO) o khethile RSV e le taba ea lefats'e ea bophelo bo botle. Batho ba 'maloa ba nang le ente le antibody e le 'ngoe ba ntse ba ntlafatsoa/litekong, ka sepheo sa ho ba le mekhoa e fumanehang ea ho thibela RSV.
Hajoale Afrika Boroa ente ea li-vector, e thathamisitsoeng e le e fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, e hlahisa maikutlo a mangata ho tloha ha tsebiso ea ho etsa liteko tsa bongaka e phatlalatsoa.
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RSV ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu la matลกoafo ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5, moo ente e sa fumaneheng. Likhakanyo ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5 li bonts'a liketsahalo tse limilione tse 33.1 tsa ts'oaetso e matla ea phefumoloho e tlase (ALRI). Sehlopheng se tลกoanang sa lilemo, batho ba 3.2 ba amohetsoeng sepetlele le ba bangata ba ka bang 118 200 ba bolailoe ke RSV lefatลกeng ka bophara ka 2015. Har'a mafu ana, karolo ea 50 lekholong e etsahala likhoeling tse 6 tsa pele tsa bophelo (ho shoa ha lesea nakong ea matsatsi a 0-28 hangata) mme 99% e etsahala linaheng tse tsoelang pele, joalo ka Afrika Boroa. Tsena li nahanoa e le likhakanyo tse tlase, ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea mafu, haholo-holo maemong a meputso e tlase.
Case Fatality Rate (CFR) likhakanyo tsa 2015 ho masea a 0-5 le likhoeli tse 6-11 linaheng tse tsoelang pele e ne e le 2.2 (1.8-2.7) le 2.4 (1.9-3.2). Tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea meta e bonts'itse maemo a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a batho ba shoang Kenya, Morocco, Afrika Boroa le Mozambique. Lintlha tse tsoang tsamaisong ea tlhokomelo ea SARI li hakanya liketsahalo tsa kakaretso tsa LRTI ho bana ba Afrika Boroa ba <lilemo tse 5 ho ba 2530-3173 ho ba 100,000 ka ketsahalo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho bana ba lilemo tse <1 selemo (lemo le selemo 8446-10532 ho 100,000). Phuputso e 'ngoe ea Afrika Boroa e bontลกa hore masea a tลกoeroeng ke lefu le amanang le RSV a ne a le 4.6-fold (95% CI, 2.4- ho 8.6-fold) monyetla oa ho kena sepetlele nakong ea matsatsi a 15 ho feta a nang le mafu a mang a matลกoafo. Bana ba bangata ba banyenyane ba kenngoeng sepetlele bakeng sa RSV (haholo-holo masea a pele ho nako) ba hloka ho kenella ho phefumoloha, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hema 'me hangata ba na le litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa tลกoaetso ea RSV. Sena se kenyelletsa tลกenyo ea matลกoafo le ho hema ho sa feleng. Ho phaella moo, tลกoaetso ea RSV ho masea ha e hlahise likarabo tse sireletsang 'mele khahlanong le tลกoaetso ea nakong e tlang' me hangata masea a tลกoaetsoa hape. Hona joale, ho na le lihlahisoa tse peli (ka bobeli li-antibodies tsa monoclonal) tse nang le tumello ea ho thibela RSV, tse theko e boima. Tsena ka kakaretso ha li fumanehe maemong a chelete e tlase. Sethibela-mafu se seng sa monoclonal se litekong tsa bongaka tse bontลกang ts'episo 'me li ka ba le litลกenyehelo tse bapisoang le tsa liente.
Ho hlokahala ente ea RSV e thibelang lefu le matla ho masea a manyenyane, le e thibelang phetisetso ea motho ho ea ho motho ho fokotsa ho kula le ho shoa, haholo-holo ho batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5.
Ntle le haeba tlhahlobo ea boemo ba ntlafatso ea bongaka e bonts'a katleho le polokeho ea ente, e ke ke ea kena litekong tsa bongaka. Hang ha e se e le mekhahlelong ea liteko, ente e tla hloka ho netefatsoa hore e bolokehile ebile e sebetsa ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle pele e fallela lihlopheng tse kotsing e kholo joalo ka masea. Ka 2015, mekhoa ea thibelo le phekolo ea RSV e ile ea hlahlojoa ke Mazur et al. Ba khethile batho ba leshome ba enteng ntlafatsong ea bongaka, 'me ke 40% feela e ntseng e tsoela pele litekong tsa bongaka. Bohareng ba 2018, bakuli ba 19 ba ente le li-anti-monoclonal bakeng sa batho ba fapaneng ba shebiloeng ba ne ba le litekong tsa bongaka, 'me tse ling tse ngata li nts'etsopele pele ho kalafo. Tse 'nรจ tsa liente tsena li sebelisa mofuta oa adenovirus. Ha peiso e ntse e tsoela pele ho fumana ente e atlehileng, e bolokehileng bakeng sa masea a manyenyane, e lebisitseng kokoana-hloko eo ka boeona e sa hlahiseng tลกireletso ea nako e telele sehlopheng sena, ho bile thata. Ente e sisintsoeng e fihlile methating e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka. Ho feta moo, litataiso tse ntle tsa ts'ebetso ea bongaka ea Afrika Boroa le melao e laolang liteko tsa bongaka li bolela hore ente e ke ke ea etsoa teko ho bankakarolo ba Afrika Boroa ntle le haeba e reretsoe ho ngolisoa ho thibela maloetse Afrika Boroa.
๐ป๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฝ๐๐๐๐๐๐: ๐ช๐๐จ๐ 155-
ChAd155 e bua ka chimpanzi e nang le bothata ba ho ikatisa (Ch) derived adenovirus (Ad), serotype 155. Sena se bolela hore ke kokoana-hloko ea chimp e ke keng ea ikatisa kapa ea tลกoaetsa batho. Kokoana-hloko ena e boetse e fetotsoe liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlahisa liprotheine tsa RSV. Sena se bolela hore ChAd155 e tla "bontลกa" liprotheine tsa RSV. Tsena ke F-protein (protheine ea fusion e ikarabellang bakeng sa sehokelo sa RSV ho sele e amohelang), N-protein (protheine ea ka hare ea nucleocapsid, ke hore: e kenya RNA) le M2-1 (protheine e hlokahalang bakeng sa transcription ea kokoana-hloko). Sena se reretsoe ho susumetsa boits'ireletso ba mmele le boits'ireletso ba lisele, ho kenyeletsoa karabelo ea B- le T-cell, ho fokotsa antibody khahlano le F-antigen le CD8T-cell khahlano le li-antigen tsa F-, N- le M2-1-. Sena se bolela hore ka mor'a ho entoa, lesea le ka ba le tลกireletso ea nako e telele khahlanong le tลกoaetso ea RSV. Sepheo sa ho qetela ke ho fana ka sena ho bana ho tloha likhoeling tse 2 ho latela kemiso e tloaelehileng ea ente (e seng ea nako).
Haeba bana ba bangata ba entoa ho tloha ba sa le banyenyane haholo, sena se tla thibela masea a manyenyane ho kula, hape se sitise phetiso ea motho ho motho. Haeba ente ena e fuoa laesense, e ka pholosa bophelo ba bana ba bangata ba Afrika Boroa, haholo-holo bana ba nang le meputso e tlase.
Simian adenoviruses ke monyetla bakeng sa liente tsa vector. Li na le boits'ireletso bo neng bo le teng pele ho batho (ka hona sena se ke ke sa kena-kenana le karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itลกireletsa mafung), li na le immunogenic haholo (kahoo li ka baka ts'ireletso e phahameng ea' mele ea ho itลกireletsa mafung) 'me li ka fetoloa ho thibela ho ikatisa liseleng tse tloaelehileng tsa motho. Taba e nyahamisang ke hore liente tsena li hloka matlafatso bakeng sa karabelo e phahameng ea T-cell.
Ente ena e se e lekoa ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle (Mokhahlelo oa 1: Jul-15 ho ea ho Jul-17. NCT02491463) bakeng sa polokeho le immunogenicity (ho susumetsa li-antibodies tsa B-cell le RSV neutralizing ho batho ba baholo ba RSV-seropositive). Ka bokhutลกoanyane ho bolokehile. Phase 2 (NCT02927873) e tla lekoa ho masea a RSV-seropositive a Likhoeli tse 12 ho isa ho tse 23 'me e lokela ho phethoa ka 2020. Joale e tla fetela sehlopheng se le seng sa masea a likhoeli tse 6-12, 'me qetellong sehlopha se reretsoeng. : Lilemo tse 2-6. Tลกireletseho le immunogenicity sehlopheng ka seng li tla hlahlojoa pele li tsoela pele.
Molao o nka ente ena e le sehlahisoa sa GMO (liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fetotsoeng). Sena se bolela ho phaella ho licheke le litekanyo tsohle tse amehang melaong ea meriana, ho hloka hore sechaba se kopanele, ERA (tlhahlobo ea kotsi ea tikoloho) le tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea boleng, polokeho le katleho ea sehlahisoa pele se ka kena litekong tsa bongaka kapa mekhahlelo ea ho rekisa.
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Na ho na le monyetla oa hore GMO Simian adenovirus e ka theha lebasetere le livaerase tsa tlhaho?
Che: Vaccine e na le "adenovirus e sa sebetseng hantle". Ha e kgone ho ikatisa/ho etsa โbanaโ.
Na ho na le monyetla oa hore e tla baka tลกoaetso ea adenovirus ho batho?
Che: Karabo e tลกoana le e ka holimo, ho phaella moo, adenovirus ena ha e tลกoaetse batho.
Na ho na le monyetla oa hore RNA ea kantle ho naha, haholo-holo GMO viral RNA e ka kenyelletsoa ho rona mme ea baka mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle?
Che, letsatsi le leng le le leng re noa likokoana-hloko tse nang le "DNA" esele. Re na le likokoana-hloko tse phelang ka har'a 'mele ea rona tse nang le "DNA esele". Lisele tsa rona ha li kenyelle DNA ena. Livaerase tse ling tsa RNA li ka koetela lisele tsa 'mele ea rona hore li ikatise liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa tsona. Sena se etsoa feela ka har'a lisele tseo 'me ha se fetole DNA ea rona. Hape, sena ke kokoana-hloko e haelloang ke ho ikatisa, kahoo sena ha se khonehe.
๐บ๐๐๐๐๐๐:
The breathable syncytial virus vaccine landscape: lithuto tse tsoang mabitleng le batho ba tลกepisang. Natalie I Mazur, Deborah Higgins, Marta C Nunes, Josรฉ A Melero, Annefleur C Langedijk, Nicole Horsley, Ursula J Buchholz, Peter J Openshaw, Jason S McLellan, Janet A Englund, Asuncion Mejias, Ruth A Karron, Eric Ivana Simรตs Knezevic, Octavio Ramilo, Pedro A Piedra, Helen Y Chu, Ann R Falsey, Harish Nair, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Anne Greenough, Eugenio Baraldi, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Johan Vekemans, Fernando P Polack, Mair Powell, Ashish Satav, Edward Satav Walsh, Renato T Stein, Barney S Graham, Louis J Bont; ka ts'ebelisano le Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Lancet Infect Dis 2018, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473309918302925
Moroalo oa Tลกoaetso ea Ts'oaetso ea Syncytial Virus ka har'a South African Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -Bakhachane le Basali ba sa Koaeloang ke HIV ba Bakhachane le ka mor'a ho pepa: Thuto ea Nako e telele ea Sehlopha. Shabir A Madhi Clare L Cutland Sarah Downs Stephanie Jones Nadia van Niekerk Eric AF Simoes Marta C Nunes. Mafu a tลกoaetsanoang a Clinical 2018, Buka ea 66, Khatiso ea 11, Maqephe a 1658-1665, https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/66/11/1658/4749671
Phefumoloho syncytial kokoana-hloko ke "monyetla" 'molai. Mauricio T. Caballero le Fernando P. Polack MD. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ppul.23963 Thuto ea Bana ea Pulmonology ea 2018.
Liente tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thehiloeng ho Vector: Ho sebelisa lefa la Jenner. Bahar Ramezanpoura, Ingrid Haana, Ab Osterhaus, Eric Claassen. Ente, 2016. Buka ea 34, Khatiso ea 50, Maqephe 6436-6448. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X16305102?via%3Dihub
Lintlha tse ling mabapi le hore na sekhahla sa lefu le bolelang: https://www.britannica.com/science/case-fatality-rate